1. Possessive adjective (kata sifat milik)
Berikut kata sifat milik dengan contoh kalimat. Perhatikan bahwa kata sifat milik ditempatkan sebelum kata benda.
Possessive
Adjective
MyYour (singular) Her His Our Your (plural) Their Its |
Contoh
This is my bookYour car looks great. Her watch is expensive. His house is on Chamber Street. Our dog is cute. Your friends are nice. This is their ball. The cat likes its food. |
Berikut kata ganti milik dengan beberapa contoh kalimat. Perhatikan bahwa kata ganti milik tidak pernah ditempatkan sebelum kata benda.
Possessive Pronoun
MineYours (tunggal) Hers His Ours Yours (jamak) Theirs |
Contoh
This book is mine.That car is yours. The expensive watch is hers. The house on Chamber Street is his. The cute dog is ours. Those friends are yours. This ball is theirs. – |
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) Whose watch is this?
Oh, it’s mine.
And whose pen is this?
It’s Tim’s, I think.
2) Whose CDs are these?
They’re mine. Do you like them?
Sure, I’ve got the same CDs at home.
3) Who lives in that house?
Oh, that’s the Jones’ house. This is our house.
Your house is really nice.
Thanks.
Is this your car?
No that’s not mine, it’s my neighbor’s. This is mine.
Kosa kata baru:
whose = punya siapa
watch = jam tangan mine = punya saya these =ini CD = CD mine = punya saya |
same = sama
Jones – a common family name our = kami nice = bagus neighbor = tetangga |
Coba bandingkan kedua kalimat berikut:
- “A fly is in my soup.”
- “There is a fly in my soup!”
Terkhusus dalam bahasa Inggris lisan kita biasanya menggunakan singkatan.
Berikut bentuk-bentuk “there” dalam kalimat Simple Present.
Kalimat positif
There’s a tree in my
garden.
There are books on the desk. (‘there are’ tidak memiliki singkatan)
Kalimat negatif
There isn’t a computer in my bedroom.There aren’t any cinemas here. |
Pertanyaan
Is there a restaurant
here?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t |
- There is a book on the table
- There are two magazines on the desk.
- There’s a bank and apost office near my house.
1) Tyler, do you like London?
Sure, there are lots of restaurants and shops, and there’s a lot of beautiful parks and museums as well.
I really want to live there.
Me too!
2) Hey, this is a great apartment.
Thanks. There’s a lot of space, and there are some really nice neighbors as well.
Are there any stores near here?
Sure, there is a supermarket near here.
You have a great view!
Right. There’s only one problem.
What’s that?
It’s really expensive!
3) Is there any pizza?
No we don’t have any, sorry.
Well, are there any apples?
Er, yes, there’s some in the kitchen. Help yourself.
Kosa kata baru:
there are = ada
restaurant = restoran shop = toko there is = ada beautiful = indah park = taman museum = museum there = disana live = tinggal apartment = apartemen |
space =ruang
near = dekat nearby = dekat view = pendapat problem = masalah expensive = mahal pizza = pizza sorry = maaf kitchen = dapur help yourself = kerjakan sendiri |
Ability/Kemampuan
Can sering digunakan untuk menunjukkan kemampuan. Contoh: “We can speak English”, atau “He can sing well.”
Berikut bentuk Simple Present dari can yang menunjukkan kemampuan.
Pernyataan
I can play the piano.
She can drive a car.
NEgatif
I cannot play the piano.She cannot drive a car. |
Pertanyaan
Can you play the piano?Can she drive a car? |
Cannot dan can’t adalah kata yang sama: misal:
- I cannot cook well
- I can’t cook well
Can’t lebih umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris lisan.
Permission/Izin
Can juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan izin. Contoh: “You can go home after class”. Berikut bentuk Simple Present dari can yang menunjukkan izin.
Pernyataan
You can meet her
tommorrow. – (Kamu mendapatkan izin untuk menemuinya).
NegatifShe can’t come to our house. – (Dia tidak diizinkan untuk datang ke rumah kita). |
Pertanyaan
Can we go to the movies? – (Ijinkan kami pergi ke bioskop). |
1) Can you play the piano?
Yes, a little. How about you?
No I can’t, but I can play the guitar.
2) Can you cook?
Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that’s all.
Everyone can make toast!
Well, can you cook?
Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.
Wow, that’s great.
3) So what can you do?
I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean. How about you?
I can play chess and I can write computer programs. I can also speak English and Spanish.
Excellent!
Kosa kata baru:
can = bisa
play = main piano = piano can’t = tidak bisa guitar = gitar cook = memasak delicious = lezat fish = ikan wow = wow |
draw = menggambar
paint = cat Korean =orang Kroea chess = catur write = menulis computer = komputer computer program = program komputer Spanish = Bahasa Spanyol excellent = bagus sekali |
Have
Bentuk simple present dari have adalah sebagai berikut.
Tunggal
Afirmatif
I have a pen
You have a pen She has a pen He has a pen It has a pen
Negatif
I do not have a pen = I
don’t have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don’t have a pen She does not have a pen = She doesn’t have a pen He does not have a pen = He doesn’t have a pen It does not have a pen = It doesn’t have a pen
Pertanyaan
Do I have a pen?Do you have a pen? Does she has a pen? Does he has a pen? Does it have a pen? |
Jamak
Afirmatif
We have a pen
You have a pen They have a pen
Negatif
We do not have a pen = We
don’t have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don’t have a pen They do not have a pen = They don’t have a pen
Pertanyaan
Do we have a pen?
Do you have a pen? Do they have a pen? |
- Positif: You have a pen.
- Bertanya: Do you have a pen?
-
Kata kerja have sering disingkat dalam Bahasa Inggris, tetapi apabila have digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan kita tidak boleh menggunakan singkatan. Jika kita ingin menyingkat have maka kita harus menggunakan have got (lihat berikut). Contoh:
I’ve a pen.He’s a pen. Kalimat ini tidak benar.
- He doesn’t have a pen = He does not have a pen.
Have got
Tunggal
Afirmatif
I have got a pen = I’ve
got a pen
You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen She has got a pen = She’s got a pen He has got a pen = He’s got a pen It has got a pen = It’s got a pen
Negatif
I have not got a pen = I
haven’t got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen She has not got a pen = She hasn’t got a pen He has not got a pen = He hasn’t got a pen It has not got a pen = It hasn’t got a pen
Pertanyaan
Have I got a pen?Have you got a pen? Has he got a pen? Has she got a pen? Has it got a pen? |
Jamak
Afirmatif
We have got a pen = We’ve
got a pen
You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen They have got a pen = They’ve got a pen
Negatif
We have not got a pen = We
haven’t got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen They have not got a pen = They haven’t got a pen
Pertanyaan
Have we got a pen?
Have you got a pen? Have they got a pen? |
- I have got some food = I’ve got some food
- He has got some food = He’s got some food
- I haven’t got any food = I have not got any food
- She hasn’t got any food = She has not got any food
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) What have you got?
I’ve got a new jacket. How about you?
I’ve got a some new T-shirts.
2) What do your friends look like?
Greg’s got brown hair, glasses and he’s really tall. Cindy’s got blond hair, blue eyes and she’s slim.
Let’s meet them together!
3) I’ve got a new apartment.
That’s great! What’s it like?
Well, it’s got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom.
Has it got a nice view?
Sure, you can see the ocean from my window.
That’s excellent.
Kosa kata baru:
Have = mempunyai
have got = mempunyai jacket = jaket T-shirt = T-shirt look like = kelihatan seperti Greg – nama anak laki-laki brown = cokelat hair = rambut glasses = gelas Cindy – nama anak perempuan blond = pirang |
Blue = biru
eyes = mata slim = ramping meet = bertemu bedroom = kamar tidur living room = ruang tamu bathroom = kamar mandi view = melihat ocean = laut window = jendela |
And
And sering digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata-kata benda, misalnya:
- I like spaghetti and pizza.
- I ate spaghetti for lunch and pizza for dinner.
But digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah pengecualian atau konflik. Misalnya:
- I like spaghetti, but I don’t like hamburgers.
Or digunakan untuk menunjukkan pilihan, misalnya:
- You can eat spaghetti or pizza for dinner.
So digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil dari sesuatu. Misalnya:
- I like all Italian food, so I like pizza.
- I like Italian food, and so does my brother.
Because digunakan untuk menunjukkan penyebab sesuatu. Misalnya:
- I eat a lot of pizza because I like it
- I study English because I want a good job.
Imperative hampir selalu tidak memiliki subjek, dan orang kedua biasanya dijadikan sebagai subjek. Contoh “Come here!” menunjukkan subjek “(you)” Come here!
Berikut beberapa situasi dimana kita dapat menggunakan imperative.
Perintah
Close the door! – Stand up! – Sit down! – Open your books!
Instruksi
To make a cup of coffee (Untuk membuat segelas kopi):
- Boil some water (didihkan air)
- Put some coffee in a cup (masukkan kopi ke dalam gelas)
- Add some water (tambahkan air)
- Drink the coffee (minum kopimnya)
To go to the bank (untuk pergi ke bank)
Turn left at Orchard Street, and then go straight (belok kiri di Jalan Mawar, dan kemudian lurus)
Penawaran dan ajakan
Have some tea
Come over to our house sometime.
Let’s
Kata kerja let sering digunakan sebagai imperative untuk memberikan anjuran yang kuat. Let’s merupakan singkatan dari let us. Misalnya:
- Let’s go home (mari kita pulang)
- Let’s watch a movie (mari kota nonton film).
1) Be careful!
Why? What’s wrong?
You’re standing on my foot.
Oh, sorry.
2) Hello everybody. Please sit down and open your books.
Teacher, let’s play a game!
No, today we study. Open your books, and let’s start!
3) Tyler, the kitchen is really dirty!
Yea, I know.
So do the dishes now! And vacuum the floor!
Why don’t you do it?
I do it every day – now it’s your turn.
Oh, OK. You’re right, it’s my turn.
Thanks.
Your welcome.
Kosa kata baru:
Be careful = hati-hati
standing = berdiri foot = kaki everybody = semua orang (semuanya) sit down = duduk open = buka game = permainan |
Today = hari ini
start = memulai dirty = kotor dishes = piring vacuum = vakum floor = lantai every day = setiap hari turn = giliran |
Each participant observed rewards all through the overview.
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